Other Options for Generating LH2.4 VSS
I've been running my LH2.4 converted '85 245 GLT using the mecanical speedo cruise control sensor and a gutted electronic speedometer board for a couple years now. It still works fine, but I never figured out exactly what LH2.4 uses the VSS signal for, other than generating a CEL and high idle when VSS is missing. The only other install like this that I know of is smoothdurban's, and I think his is working fine too.
Since the original post, 240's in the local salvage yards have mostly dried up. The days of finding a $7 electronic speedo to gut are gone. Based on some offline inquiries, I thought about VSS generation and some other possible options. I haven't tried any of these, but I think they're promising.
Options for generating VSS on early 240s:
1) change to later rear differential and swap to cluster with electronic speedometer
2) use speedo cruise pickup with gutted electronic speedo board - see previous posts.
3) use speedo cruise pickup with MegaSquirt VR conditioner board.
4) use speedo cruise pickup with aftermarket speedo adapter box.
5) use GPS speedo sensor
6) add a custom bracket with a sensor for the driveshaft bolts or add-on flags
7) add an inline speedo cable sensor
Background:
The LH2.4 ECU needs a VSS vehicle speed sensor signal so that idle doesn't misbehave. The factory signal is generated from a VR sensor on the rear differential cover (either 12 or 48 pulses per axle rev), and is conditioned by the circuit board on the back of the electronic speedometer. Pre-ABS cars (K9800 or K10042 speedos) pass the conditioned VR signal directly to the ECU. ABS cars (K39200 or K40168 speedos) divide the 48 pulse VR sensor by 4 to generate VSS. So, the factory LH2.4 VSS signal is about 10,000 pulses per mile.
The K9800 number on the electronic speedos is the calibration number, in pulse per mile. For example, a 205/60R15 tire gets 817 revs/mile. Multiply this by the differential pulses per axle rev (12 or 48 ABS), and you get the K number: 817 * 12 = 9804.
Old cable driven speedometers are often calibrated for 1000 cable revs per mile. The 240 cable speedos have a slightly different calibration - the r0,960 speedos are 0.960 miles/1000 revs, and the r0,980 speedos are 0.980 miles/1000 revs. Within the cable speedos is a 4-tooth wheel for cruise control. This gives a little over 4000 pulses per mile with the cruise control VR pickup.
VSS Option 1 - change to later rear differential and swap to cluster with electronic speedometer
The most straightforward way of generating a proper LH2.4 VSS signal is to swap to a LH2.4 differential with a 12 or 24 tooth VSS VR sensor, and swap to the matching cluster or electronic speedo. With this, VSS is available on the electronic speedo board or, if swapping clusters, on the double 1/4" spade connector just to the left of the speedo. I haven't swapped these dash components, so I don't know what rewiring or mechanical fitting is needed. Note: if you already have a LH2.2 with an electronic speedometer, the VSS signal is already available on the back of the cluster.
VSS Options 2,3,4 Speedo Cruise Control Pickup
The 1981-1985 speedometers all have provisions on the back to add a VR sensor for cruise control. I think the 1980 version of the earlier style cluster also has the option to add a cruise control sensor to the back of the speedo, but I haven't seen one personally.
It's easy to spot the cruise control pickup in most any picture of the back of a cluster. Flipping through the current ebay ads, it looks like the cruise control pickup is only installed on ~10% of the clusters. I think it's a much more common option with the factory turbo cars -- they were top of the line when they came out, and the original owners would be more likely to add factory cruise control.
VSS Option 3 - speedo cruise pickup with MegaSquirt VR conditioner board
Instead of modifying the PCB from an electronic speedo, it should be possible to use a VR sensor conditioner board from MegaSquirt to generate the VSS signal. For example, the below board should work, and has a version that runs off of 12volts. You'll need to add a 10K resistor and a 2N3904 transistor to convert to open collector (the LH2.4 ECU includes its own 10K pullup to +12v). You'd wire up ground to GND, switched +12v to +V, VR cruise pickup to VR1+ and VR1- (polarity doesn't matter), and Out1 to resistor to transistor to LH2.4 VSS.
http://jbperf.com/dual_VR/v2_1.html
I think that the gutted speedo board may be a little more sensitive to the VR signal than the MegaSquirt board. This would only show up at low speeds with small VR sensor voltages (e.g. ~200mv pk-pk at 5mph). I don't think the LH2.4 ECU would care, but I haven't tried this option myself.
VSS Option 4 - speedo cruise pickup with aftermarket adapter box
I haven't tried these, but I think that either one can connect directly to the speedo cruise VR sensor pickup and generate VSS directly. It may take some work to figure out how to best calibrate these boxes. It should be possible to generate a VSS signal close to the factory LH2.4 10,000 pulses/mile rate using the ~4000 pulses/mile rate from the speedo cruise sensor. (If calibration is difficult, the standard 8000 ppm rate should be OK.)
https://shop.classicinstruments.com/sn74z
https://www.dakotadigital.com/index...id=1192/category_id=287/mode=prod/prd1192.htm
VSS Option 5 - GPS Speedometer Sensor
It may be possible to connect a GPS Speedometer Sensor directly to the LH2.4 VSS signal. This would certainly be simple and clean, but I have some concerns. First off, the VSS calibration value for the sensor may not work well with the expected 10,000 pules/mile LH2.4 rate. Standard GPS VSS rates are 8000 or 16000 pulses/mile. I'd expect 8000 to work, but 16000 may be too fast.
My second concern is the GPS behavior when first powered up, or when signal is lost (e.g. tunnel or canyon). If the GPS sensor is powered at all times, it will maintain satellite lock and should generate a good VSS signal almost immediately. If the GPS sensor is turned off, it may take minutes{?} to acquire satellite lock and generate a good VSS signal. I think that some GPS sensors include a small backup battery. This is OK, but may not last very long over Colorado's -5deg to 100+ deg temperatures.
My last concern is the vehicle speed update rate - if you coast to a stop, it may take too long for the GPS sensor to detect this and drop the VSS signal rate. I don't know how tolerant the LH2.4 ECU would be to this case.
A couple GPS sensor candidates are:
amazon: "IIL GPS Speed Sensor/Sender" - this one is cheap, $45, but uses a higher 16,000 pulses/sec calibration, and may have a slow update rate.
amazon: "GlowShift GPS Speedometer Sensor Adapter Kit" - this one is $90, and based on comments, uses 8000 pulses/sec calibration.
VSS Option 6 - custom bracket with a sensor for the driveshaft bolts or add-on flags
Add a custom bracket with a 3-wire hall sensor, or a 2-wire VR sensor plus conditioner board/box, to sense the 4 driveshaft bolts or add-on flags. This would give 4* differential ratio pulses per axle rev, e.g. 3.73*4 = 14.9, versus factory LH2.4 12 pulses per axle rev. See:
http://forums.turbobricks.com/showthread.php?t=191751
http://forums.turbobricks.com/showthread.php?t=132582
https://www.digikey.com/htmldatasheets/production/57408/0/0/1/gs1005-gs1007-series.html (or see tooth sensors at diyautotune.com)
VSS Option 7 - add an inline speedo cable sensor
I've seen some VSS adapters for old American cars that splice into the middle of the mechanical speedo cable. Ideally, you'd like a 3-wire Hall Sensor adapter that generates 8000 pulses per mile. This would connect directly to the LH2.4 ECU without needing a VR conditioner board/box.
Has anyone else generated a VSS signal for LH2.4? If so, how did you do it and how did it work out?
-Bob